Kiln.



S. P. BEEBOUT & T. E. MORGAN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAYI, 19m.

1,139,327. Patented May 11, 1915.

' I -2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

SQ Q

THE MORRIS PETERS Co., PHo7v-LITHO., WASHINGTON. D. c

S. P. BEEBOUT 6L T. E. MORGAN.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAYI. 1914.

1,139,327. Patented May 1I, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEYS THE NORRIS PETERS C0., PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON. D, C,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC. i

SAMUEL` PLUMMER BEEBOUT, or' NNW OUMBERLAND, Wnsr VIRGINiA, AND THOMASEvArvr MORGAN, or COLUMBUS, OHIO.

' KILN.

Speecation of Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1915.

Application led May 1, 1914. Serial No. 835,641.

BEEBOUT, a citizen of the United States, and

a resident of New Cumberland, in the county of Hancock and State of`West Virginia, and THOMAS EVART MORGAN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio,have made certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which thefollowing is a specification.

Our invention is an improvement in kilns, and has for its object toprovide a kiln of .the circular stationary type, for use in burningsewer pipes, tiles, conduits, and other productsfrom shale and clay,wherein a novel arrangement of flues, passages and supporting floors isprovided, so arranged as to obtain a uniform heat effect on the ware,throughout the interior of the kiln, to 1nsure uniform burning of theware.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudii nal vertical section of theimproved kiln, Fig. 2 is a horizontal section with a part of thesupporting floor broken away, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portionof the kiln, with parts broken away, Fig. 4 is a section through theinclosing wall at one of the fire boxes or furnaces, and Fig. 5 is aperspective view of a portion of the annular flue and the coveringtherefor.

In the present embodiment of the invention, the kiln consists of anannular inclosing wall l, having a base 2 below the surface of theground, and the said wall is provided near its upper end, and on itsinner face with an annular shoulder or ledge 3, upon which rests theedgeof the arched roof 4, and the said roof is provided with a centraloutlet 5, which may be closed when desired.

Just below the level of the floor 6 which extends transversely of thekiln at a point below the ground level there is provided an annularpassage 7, which extends entirely around the kiln at the inclosing wall1, and this passage 7 is provided with a facing wall 8 fitting againstthe inner surface of y the inclosing wall 1, an inner wall 9 to be laterdescribed, and a cover composed of blocks 10 to be later described. Theannular passage 7 communicates with a central chamber 10b arranged belowthe floor 6, by means of radial fiues 13, the said iiues being stackwall.

eight in number in the present instance. The flues 13 lead from theannular passage, as before stated, and open into the chamber 10b, asshown in Fig. 1, and a passage 14 leads from the bottom of the saidchamber to thestack 15. The chamber 10b has an arched top, and a centralopening 16 is provided in the top. The said opening registers with anopening in the floor of the kiln, thus placing the chamber incommunication with the interior of the kiln beneath the oor thatsupports the ware. A sump 17 is provided adjacent the stack, and belowthe passage 14, and into which the said passage opens, and the said sumpopens above the ground level, the opening being normally closed,however, by a cover plate 18. The

per 19 moves in guides 20 at that wall of the sump adjacent to thestack. The damper is supported in open position, by means of a link 21which engages a hook 22 on the Bags or chimneys 23 are arranged abovethe annular passage 7 at spaced intervals, the said bags or chimneysbeing arranged between the radial passages.

Between the bags or chimneys 23 the annular passage 7 is covered by theblocks 10 before mentioned, and the said blocks are of a length toextend from approximate contact with the inner surface of the inclosingwall 1, to the center of the inner wall 9 of the said passage. At thelower ends of the bags or chimneys 23 the top of the annular passage 7is imperforate. Each of the blocks 10 is provided in one side edge witha groove 24, and when the blocks are laid as shown in Fig. 3, with theirside edges in contact, there will be a passage between each pair ofadjacent blocks, for placing the interior of the annular passage 7 incommunication with the interior of the kiln. The inner wall 9 of theannular passage is provided with openings 25 above the floor 6, and thesaid openings are of larger size at a point halfway between adjacentbags .or chimneys, and gradually decrease in size toward the chimneys ateither side. Were the ends of the blocks 10 abutted against the innersurface of the inclosing wall there would be a dead space at this pointfrom the outer ends of the grooves 24 to the kiln wall. To eliminatethis space, the outer ends of the bricks 10 are spaced apart from ioorformed by the block 26, and on thel the inner surface of the kiln wallabout two inches, and fire bricks 10a are arranged on end between thekiln wall and the ends -of the blocks 10, the said bricks 10a beingspaced apart at their adjacent side edges to form vertical passages.

The bag walls are provided with live floors up to the walls in the sameway. It will be evident that in laying the bricks 10, since they are ofpractically thesame cross section from end to end, they will be spacedapart slightly at their outer ends,- and the space between the said endsprovides a passage to the spaces between the bricks 10a. In addition,the material forming the outer wall of the annular iiue 7 is chipped atthe top, forming passages leading to the passages between the fire brick10u. In this manner all of the space from the center to the innersurfacey of the inclosing wall of the kiln is live,7 and the ware willbe burnt uniformly.

The ware supporting floor of the kiln is composed of blocks 26, eachhaving a trans-l verse groove 27 in each side edge, or the said blocksmay be similar to the blocks 10. The blocks 26 when used, are laid withtheir side edges adjacent, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and they aresupported by cross walls 28. The walls 28 supporting the blocks 26,extend across the kiln, the ends of the walls engaging the wall 9between openings 25, or if not so arranged, the said walls must bespaced at their ends from the wall 9. The walls 28 are formed of blocksor bricks, and are provided with openings 28 at regular intervals.

The openings of each wall 28 are staggered with respect to the openingsof the adjacent walls, in such mannerfthat the products of combustionmust follow a zigzag or sinuous course in traversing the space beneaththe ware supporting floor. The walls 28 are composed of piers orcolumns, spaced apart from each other and connected by a top course ofbricks or blocks laid end to end. The bloeks26. are supported by thebefore-mentionedtop course, and each of the blocks 26 extends at itsends to approximately the center of the adjacent walls, and the blocksof each course may contact at their ends with the blocks of the adjacentcourses. The ware is supported on the blocks 10. Eight furnaces or fireboXes 29 are provided in the present instance, each furnace being at abag or chimney and opening into the said bag or chimney at its innerend. Each furnace or fire boX has a solid or imperforate hearth or Hoorover the annular passage 7, and althougheach fire box or furnaceextendsacross the annular passage they do not communicate with the passage, nordo they have any connection with it in any manner.

yThe products of combustion from the fur'- nace 2-9 pass upwardly out`at the vopen yupper-ends of the bags or chimneys 23, to

the top of the kiln, and downwardly through the ware supported on theblocks 26and between said blocks, and between the blocks 10, and throughthe openings 25 into the annular passage 7. From the passage 7 theproducts pass to the central chamber 10"` by way of the radial passage13, and from thence by way of the passage 14 to the stack.

The features of importance in the' construction are the annular or ringflue or passage 7, `the radial flues 13, the central chamber, the mainflue 14, the sump 17, the arrangement of the bags or chimneys, and thegrid floor for supporting the ware. It will be noted from an inspectionof Fig. 1, that the radial flues 13 incline downwardly towardthe'central chamber and open into the said chamber above the bottomthereof, and that the bottom of the annular passage, is at the level ofthe bottom of the radial passages, so that drainage is free anduninterrupted, to the main passage 14, and to the sump 17. rlhearrangement of fines or passages also insures a uniform'and thoroughdistribution of the heated gases, the said gases traveling through everypart of the interior of the kiln, and through the ware, insurfing thuscomplete and uniform burning of the ware. All of the flues are easilyaccessible for cleaning or repairs, and since the heat is so uniformlydistributed, the full heat-value of the fuel is utilized, making itpossible to burn a kiln more efficiently with the same amount of fuelthan in the ordi- -nary kiln, The'particular arrangement of-supportingiioor for the ware provides a firm support the severalelements of which cannot shift in any direction, since they j bearagainst all of the surrounding elements, while at the same time there isample passage for the heated gases.

The openings in the walls 28 which support the grid floor are staggeredwith respect to the openings of the adjacent wall, so that the gasesmust travel laterally to pass through the openings of the neXt wall. Thearrangement of the annular flue and the blocks 10 which cover said flue,provides `additional space in the kiln which is ordinarily lost. Thatspace adjacent to the lining wall between the bags or chimneys is in theordinary kiln dead, and ware placed here will not be burned, because ofthe fact that the heated gases are not directed into such space. lViththe improved construction however, the products of combustion may passdownwardly through the openings between the blocks 10, and ware arrangedabove said blocks between the bags or chimneys will be perfectly burnt.The ioor 6 may be of fire brick or tamped clay,

' lar flue to the space between the lire brick and it willbeunderstood'that the number of ires or furnaces will depend upon thesize of the kiln.

In operation, the heated gasesof combustion pass up through the bagiiues 23 to the interior of the kiln, and they are deflected downwardlythrough the ware, the gasesk discharged from any one bag mingling withthe gases from all the other bags, so that the heat isuniform throughoutthe kiln. The gases pass down through the ware, and through the openingsor passages of the grid floor, to the space between the said floor andthe floor 6. Here the gases pass into the ring flue, and from thencethrough the radial flues to the central chamber and to the stack. Themain passage or flue 14 from the central chamber to the stack inclinesdownwardly toward the sump, so that all drainage is toward the sump. Thewall ofthe main flue next to the kiln wall is of fire brick,approximately four inches thick. The blocks 10 do not extend intocontact with this wall, but are spaced apart at their outer ends abouttwo inches from the said wall. The remaining two inches is taken up byfire bricks standing on end, and spaced about two inches apart, thusleaving openings through which the gases of combustion pass down at thewall of the kiln inside. Otherwise the iioor would be dead for fourinches in width all around the kiln. Next to the wall inside the warewould not burn properly unless the space were so arranged. The backwalls are provided with live floor up to the walls in the same way.

It will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 5, that the outer wall 8 ofthe annular flue is provided with notches or recesses 8a at its topwhich lead to the space between the fire brick 10a. The ends of theblocks 10l at the passages 8a arealso beveled or chipped, as shown at8b, for coperating with the notches 8a to permit the passage of theproducts of combustion from the annu- 1. In a kiln,the combination withthe annular inclosing wall, and the arched roof, the wall havingopenings, and furnaces at the openings, the kiln having an imperforateHoor, of an annular flue or passage encircling the kiln at the innersurface of the inclosing wall, a central chamber arranged below theiniperforate ioor and having a central opening, the floor having anopening registering with the opening of the chamber, said kiln havingradial fiues or passages leading from the annular passage to the centralchamber, and having a main flue leading from the bottom of the centralchamber to the stack, said kiln having a sump'in the said main passageadjacent to the stack, and a damper for controlling the said mainpassage atthe sump, bags or chimneys at each furnace inside the kiln,each bag communicating with the interior of the kiln at the upper end ofthe bag, transverse supporting walls arranged on the imperforate es.y

licor, and a grid floor for .the ware supported bythe supporting wall,said annular flue having a perforate top between the bags, said gridlfloor and the perforate top of the annular passage being composed ofblocks laid alongside each other in courses, the ends of the blocks inthe adjacent courses of the grid Hoor abutting, each block havingtransverse grooves in its vertical side edges for placing. the interiorof the kiln in communication with the space below the grid floor, theinner wall'of the annular flue having openings, said openings being ofgreater size between the adjacent bags and gradually decreasing in sizetoward the adjacent bags.

2. In a kiln, the combination with the annular inclosing wall, and thearched roof, the wall having openings, and furnaces at the openings, thekiln having an imperforate floor, of an annular flue or passageencircling the kiln at the inner surface. of the inclosing wall, acentral chamber arranged below the imperforate floor and hav'- ing acentral opening, the floor having an,

the stack, and ardamper for controlling the said main passage at thesump bags or chimneys at each furnace inside the kiln, each bagcommunicating with the interior 'of the kiln at the upper end of thebag,

transverse supporting walls arranged on the imperforate loor, and a gridfloor for the f ware supported by the supportingwalls, said annular fluehaving a perforate top Abetween the bags, said grid floor and theperforate top of the annular passage being composed of blocks laidalongside each other in courses, the ends of the blocks in the adjacentcourses of the grid floor abutting, each block having transverse groovesin its vertical side edges for placing the interior of the kiln incommunication with the-space below the grid floor, and the inner wall ofthe annular floor having openings.

8. In a kiln, the combination with the annular inclosing wall, and thearched roof, the wall having openings, and furnaces at the openings, thekiln having an imperforate floor, of an annular flue or passageencircling the kiln at the inner surface of the inclosing wall, acentral chamber arranged below the imperforate floor and having acentral opening, the floor having an opening registering with theopening of the chamber, saidV kiln having radial vHues or" passagesleading from the annular'passage to the central chamber, and having amain Hue leading from the bottom ofthe central "chamber to the stack,said kiln having a imperforate Hoor, and a grid Hoor for the waresupported by the supporting wall, said annular Hue having a perforatetop between the bags, the inner wall of the annular passage havingopenings leading to the space between the grid Hoor and the imperforateHoor.

4l. A kiln having an inclosing Wall and an imperforate Hoor and acentrall chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage atthe inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from theannular Hue to the central chamber, and inclining downward toward saidchamber, and having a main discharge Hue-leading Jfrom the bottom vofthe central chamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervalsfor admitting the heated gases `i'rom the furnaces to the interior ofthe kiln, the kiln having bags or chimneys within the kiln at each ofthe said openings and communicating at their upper ends with theinterior of the kiln, said kiln having a perforate Hoor for supportingthe ware spaced above the imperforate Hoor and extending from the top ofthe annular Hue between the bags or chimneys, and having perforat'ecross walls for supporting the perforate Hoor, the inner wall of theannular Hue having openings between the bags, said openings being ofgreatest size intermediate the bags and decreasing in size 'toward thebags,- the central chamber having a central opening in its top and theimperforate Hoor having an opening registering therewith, the perforateHoor consisting of blocksy laid inV courses, the

blocks of thev courses having their side edges abutting, and the membersof each course abutting at their ends' against the members of theadjacent courses, each block'having a vertical groove in one of its sideedges.

g A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a centralchamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at theinclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from theannular Hue to the central chamber, and inclining downwardly toward saidchamber, and having a main discharge Hue leading from the bottom of thecentral chamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervals foradmitting the heated gases from the furnaces to the interior of thekiln, the kiln Maasai" having bagsi'or chimneys'withinthe kiln at I'each of the said openings and communicat- K ing at their upper ends withthe interior of the kiln, said kiln 'having a perforate Hoor forvsupporting the ware spaced above the imperforate Hoor and extendingabove the top lof the annular Hue between the bags or chimneys, andhaving perforate cross walls forsupporting the perorate Hoor, the innerwall of the annular Hue having openings between the bags, said openingsbeing of greatest size intermediate the bags and decreasing in sizetoward the bags, the central chamber having a central opening in its topand the lmperforate Hoor having an'opening registering therewith.

6.,A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a centralchamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at theinclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from the ansoi nular Hue to the central chamber, and in- `lclining downwardly towardsaid chamber,

and having a main discharge Hue leading from the bottom of the centralchamber, the inclosing wall being perforated at intervals for admittingthe heated gases from the furnaces to the interior of the kiln, the kilnhaving bags or' chimneys within the kiln at each of the said openingsand communicating at their upper ends with theinterior of the kiln, saidkiln v`having a perforate Hoor for supporting the ware spaced above theimperforate Hoor and extending above the top of the annular Hue betweenthe bags or chimneys, and'having perforate cross walls for supportingthe perforate Hoor, the inner wall of the annular Hue having openingsbetween the bags.

7. A kiln having' an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and acentral chamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passageatthe inclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading fromthe an- ;nular Hue to the central chamber, and having a Vmain dischargeHue leading from the ,bottom of the central chamber, said kiln having aperforate ware supporting Hoor spaced above the lmperforate Hoor andcovv ering the topv of the annular Hue, the inner wall of theannular Huehaving openings in its inner wall.

8. A kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and a centralchamber below the Hoor, and having an annular Hue or passage at theinclosing wall, and having radial Hues or passages leading from theannular Hue to the central chamber, and having a main discharge Hueleading from the bottom of the central chamber, the kiln having aperforate ware supporting Hoor forming the top of the annular passage.

9. A kiln` having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor and acentral chamber below the Hoor, and having4 an annular Hue or passageatthe inclosing wall, and extending above and below the floor and havingradial fines or passages beneath the floor leading from the annular flueto the central chamber, and having a main discharge flue leading fromthe bottom of the central chamber.

10. In a kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate Hoor, theinclosing wall having transverse openings at intervals for admitting thegases of combustion, said kiln having an annular flue at the inclosingwall and having bags or chimneys at the openings and above the annularflue, said kiln having a perforate ware supporting iioor forming the topof the annular flue between the bags, the annular flue having openingsin its inner wall, and having a discharge flue with which the annularchamber communicates, said communication consisting of radial passagesleading from the annular flue to the center of the kiln.

11. In a kiln having an inclosing wall and an imperforate floor, theinclosing wall having transverse openings at intervals for admitting thegases of combustion, said kiln having an annular iiue at the inclosingwall and having bags or chimneys at the openings and above the annularflue, said kiln having a perforate ware supporting floor forming the topof the annular flue between the bags, the annular flue having openingsin its inner wall, and having a discharge flue with which the annularchamber communicates.

12. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with theinclosing wall, of a continuous iiue or passage at the inclosing walland extending entirely around the kiln, said kiln having a centralchamber spaced below the bottom thereof, and having radial passagesleading from the annular flue to the central chamber, said centralchamber having a discharge opening leading from the bottom thereof, theinclosing wall having openings for admitting heated gases to the kiln,and having a bag or chimney communicating with the interior of the kiln'at its upper end, the top of the first-named passage being perforated,and the hav- Gopes of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Patents,

ing a perforate ware supporting floor, and the inner wall of thefirst-named passage having openings communicating with the space beneaththe ware supporting floor, said bags or chimneys being between adjacentradial flues.

13. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with theinclosing wall, of a continuous flue or passage at the inclosing walland extending entirely around the kiln, said kiln having a centralchamber spaced below thebottom thereof, and having radial passagesleading from the annular iue to the central chamber, said centralchamber having a discharge opening leading from the bottom thereof, theinclosing wall having openings for admitting heated gases to the kiln,and having a bag or chimney communicating with the interior of the kilnat its upper end, the top of the first-named passage being perforate,and the kiln having a perforate waresupporting floor, and the inner wallof the iirst-named passage having openings communicating with the spacebeneath the ware supporting floor.

14. In a kiln of the character specified, the combination with theinclosing wall, of a continuous flue or passage at the inclosing walland extending around the kiln, cross walls extending across the kiln andhaving transverse openings, the openings of each wall being staggeredwith respect to the openings of the adjacent walls, a perforate iioorsupported by the cross walls and covering the top of the annular flue orpassage, said floor consisting of blocks laid alongside each other, eachblock having a transverse groove in one side edge, the blocks beingspaced apart from the inclosing wall, and brick arranged on end betweenthe ends of the blocks and the inclosing wall and spaced apart to formpassages for the products of combustion between the brick.

SAMUEL PLUMMER BEEBOUT. THOMAS EVART MORGAN. Witnesses:

D. A. MooN,

ALLENE MooN.

Washington, D. G.

